{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "0af955cc",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Python from Scratch\n",
    "\n",
    "Feng Li\n",
    "\n",
    "School of Statistics and Mathematics\n",
    "\n",
    "Central University of Finance and Economics\n",
    "\n",
    "[feng.li@cufe.edu.cn](mailto:feng.li@cufe.edu.cn)\n",
    "\n",
    "[https://feng.li/python](https://feng.li/python)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "571b1bd8",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Using Python as a calculator"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "81acf6d1",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "6"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3 + 3 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "7c76d33a",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "13"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "17 - 4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "af405ad7",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "4/2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "f2b9d073",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "27"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(5 + 4)*3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "05efb85e",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- The remainder can be calculated with the `%` operator"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "eff94c68",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "False\n",
      "True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 2004\n",
    "print(x % 100 == 0)\n",
    "print(x % 4   == 0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "26437f53",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- **Powers** With Python, use the \\*\\* operator to calculate powers. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "ee21a4cc",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "7\n",
      "25\n",
      "10\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(5^2) # ^ XOR\n",
    "\n",
    "print(5**2)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(5*2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "7eac0b43",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- **Note** Caret (^) invokes the `exclusive OR`(XOR) of the object: a logical operation that outputs true only when both inputs differ (one is true, the other is false). "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "a452ab59",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "True^True"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "670018f3",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "False^False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "e21fe646",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "True^False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "e723f904",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2^3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "6259cedd",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'10'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "format(2,'b')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "8b2d11a1",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'11'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "format(3,'b')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "147dc347",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "int('01',2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "e916737b",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- The equal sign (=) is used to assign a value to a variable. Afterwards, no result is displayed before the next interactive prompt. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "7724f90f",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "8"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 3\n",
    "b = 5\n",
    "c = a + b\n",
    "c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "1ab77f9c",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "If you forget to assign a value, you could use the underscore (`_`) to fetch the last output. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "67eabc4c",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "In interactive mode, the last printed expression is assigned to the variable \\_. This means that when you are using Python as a desk calculator, it is somewhat easier to continue calculations."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "8acdf20a",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "33.333333333333336"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "100/3.0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "814d90f3",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "33.333333333333336"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "_"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "683f9647",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Strings"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "24bdd209",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- Python can also manipulate strings, which can be expressed in several ways. They can be enclosed in single quotes (`'...'`) or double quotes (`\"...\"`) with the same result. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "83165e5d",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "LastName = \"Li\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "1959459d",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "FirstName = \"Feng\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ee569b44",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- `\\` can be used to escape quotes:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "a90f8e0e",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello \n",
      " World!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Hello \\n World!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "0ce5462a",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- If you don't want characters prefaced by `\\` to be interpreted as special characters, you can use raw strings by adding an `r` before the first quote:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "e6b8db89",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello \\n World!\n",
      "Hello \\n World!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(r\"Hello \\n World!\")\n",
    "print(\"Hello \\\\n World!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "775d4430",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- Strings can be concatenated (glued together) with the `+` operator, and repeated with `*`:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "id": "f2efcd39",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'I Looooove you'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\"I \" + 'L' + 'o'*5  + 've' + ' you'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d3dab3d7",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- The built-in function `len()` returns the length of a string:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "id": "28c35a9c",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "7\n",
      "love is \"love\" \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(len(\"Feng Li\"))\n",
    "print('love is \"love\" ')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "dffb650c",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- Two or more string literals (i.e. the ones enclosed between quotes) next to each other are automatically concatenated. This feature is particularly useful when you want to break long strings:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "id": "990b54e6",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'FengLi'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\"Feng\" \"Li\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "id": "88e6ca59",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hi, my name is Feng Li. And I am from Beijing.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Hi, my name is Feng Li.\" \n",
    "      \" And I am from Beijing.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "57f8f83e",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- Strings can be indexed (subscripted), with the first character having index 0. There is no separate character type; a character is simply a string of size one:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "id": "53b90d5c",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'e'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Name = \"Feng Li\"\n",
    "#       0123456\n",
    "#   ...-4-3-2-1\n",
    "Name[1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "id": "eb23c9c9",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'i'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Name[-1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "id": "39e32ef7",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'L'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Name[-2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "4f5e9974",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- In addition to indexing, **slicing** is also supported. While indexing is used to obtain individual characters, slicing allows you to obtain a substring:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "id": "2a159a48",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Feng'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# \"Feng Li\"\n",
    "Name[0:4]  # [a:b] - > [a, b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "id": "bd39d1eb",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Feng'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Name[:4]   # 0,1,2,3 4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "id": "243b91ef",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Li'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Name[5:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "id": "c0590903",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Li'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Name[-2:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "544042a6",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- However, out of range slice indexes are handled gracefully when used for slicing:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "id": "0cd70cf5",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Li'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Name[5:100]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "00646b0b",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Lists\n",
    "\n",
    "Python knows a number of compound data types, used to group together other values. The most versatile is the list, which can be written as a list of comma-separated values (items) between square brackets. Lists might contain items of different types, but usually the items all have the same type."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "id": "f12d2336",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "values = [1,5,7,9,12]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "id": "e90fb66c",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(values)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "id": "9c9db6d9",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "values[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "id": "acea9ff2",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[9, 12]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "values[-2:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a90d6f81",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- Lists also supports operations like concatenation:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "id": "f1f37dc0",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 5, 7, 9, 12, '22', '33']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "values + [\"22\",\"33\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "bfd79229",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- Lists are a mutable type, i.e. it is possible to change their content:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "bd4aea1c",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 4, 67, 22]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "values = [1,2,3,4,67,22]\n",
    "values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "b9a97022",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 1000, 4, 67, 22]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "values[2] = 1000\n",
    "values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b55e1290",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "You can also add new items at the end of the list, by using the append() method"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "75b38879",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 1000, 4, 67, 22, 9999]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "values.append(9999)\n",
    "values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "cef41eee",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "- Assignment to slices is also possible, and this can even change the size of the list or clear it entirely:\n",
    "\n",
    "[1, 2, 1000, 4, 67, 22, 9999]\n",
    "0   1   2     3  4   5   6\n",
    "[1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 67, 22, 9999]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "id": "749c6672",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 67, 22, 9999]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "values[2:4] = [2,3,4]\n",
    "values"
   ]
  }
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